Male Genitourinary System

w Dual function

w Congenital abnormalities common

w Infertility

n Cryptorchidism

Infection

w Urethritis

n Chlamydia

n Gonorrhea

w Ulcers and condyloma

n Herpes

n Syphilis

Trauma & Miscellaneous

w Hematocoele

w Torsion

w Varicocoele

Tumors

w Germ cell origin

w Parallel to ovarian tumors

w Cryptorchidism

w Seminoma most common

w Self diagnosis

Prostate

w Hyperplasia

n Hormonal

n Obstructive

w Symptoms

w Cancer

n Most common, 3rd in fatality

n Age related

n Cause unknown          

n Spread to bone

Bladder

w Cancer

n Environmental

w Infection

n Instrumentation

n Colonization

n Reflux

n Flora

Renal Syndromes

w Acute renal failure

n Oliguria

n Anuria

w Nephritic

w Nephrotic

w Isolated Hematuria

w Tubular Defects (metabolic)

Kidney

w Infection

n Acute

w Ascending

n Own flora

n Reflux

w Hematogenous

n Chronic

n Stones

Tumors

w Wilm’s

w Adenocarcinoma

w Grading & Staging

Congenital & Hereditary

w Horseshoe kidney

w Dysplasia

w Autosomal Dominant Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPK)

n Cysts lead to renal failure

n Hypertension

n Berry aneurysm

w Other cysts

Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndrome

w Nephrotic

n Loss of protein

n Decreased serum albumin

n Edema

w Nephritic

n Oliguria

n Azotemia (Urea, Creatinine)

n Hypertension

n Hematuria

Nephritic Diseases

w Acute Glomerulonephritis

n Post-infectious (streptococci)

w IgA Nephritis (Berger)

n Usually presents with hematuria

n Rarely true nephritic syndrome

w Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

n Several types

Nephrotic Diseases

w Many causes

n Lipoid nephrosis (nil disease)

n Membranous glomerulonephritis

n Focal segmental sclerosis

w Several causes

n AIDS

n Intravenous drug abuse

n Obesity

n Idiopathic

Vascular Disease

w Infarcts

w Essential hypertension

w Malignant hypertension

Miscellaneous

w Systemic Disease

n Metabolic: Diabetes mellitus

n Immune: Lupus erythematosus

w Tubulointerstitial Disease

n Acute Tubular Necrosis

w Toxic

w Ischemic (shock)

n Interstitial Nephritis

w Toxic

w Allergic

End Stage Renal Disease

w Chronic Renal Failure

n Uremia

w Dialysis

w Transplantation

n Rejection

w Hyperacute

w Acute

w Chronic